Natural Disasters

Introduction

Natural disasters are act of God, such as volcanoes , earthquakes , hurricanes , cyclones and so on.

UN:

A disaster is a tragic case of people and become in need of protection, clothing, shelter, and medical care,

International Organization for Civil Protection:

A disaster is an unexpected accident caused by the forces of nature, or because of human action and the consequent loss of life and destruction of property, and has a severe impact on the national economy and social life and often requires international assistance.

Civil Defense Industrial Directory:

A disaster is a major incident resulting in massive loss of life and property it may be a natural disaster caused an act of nature (floods, earthquakes, storms etc. ..) it may be a technical disaster due to human action, whether intentionally or involuntarily.

Natural hazards

Disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, hurricanes and other natural phenomena cause great destruction of property and human beings. Disasters vary depending on the proportion of the population surrounding the phenomenon; many of the communities living near volcanoes have a devastating history, as happened in Pompeii and this is due to human nature and the problems of poverty and others.

Avalanches

An avalanche is a surprise move of the amount of ice on the side of a mountain, and result in several disasters that results in killing thousands of people.

Water disasters

A flood natural disaster that occurs as a result of the accumulation of large amounts of rain for a long period of time in a specific area, or rapid melting of large amounts of snow, rivers, storms and hurricanes. There are some water disasters that come over the long term including coastal erosion, which leads to the sinking of some cities

Volcanoes

The volcano is a cracks in the ground which can emit magma. Indonesia is one of the states where there are 180 volcanoes. Blasts appear on the surface of the earth

Tsunami

A tsunami is a huge wave and a tremendous amount of water caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, etc.,
And one of the most famous tsunamis resulted from the Indian Ocean earthquake on December 26, 2004, which hit the coast of several countries, including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, Somalia and was one of the worst natural disasters.
Resources:

1. http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/
There is alot of resources in this Website

Car Invention

A motor vehicle consists of a set of mechanical parts working in a harmonious way to move this vehicle, and the car is the most widespread means of transport in the present era.

Cars are divided into several types, including small cars, and most are owned by ordinary people who use them to go to work or move their family from one place to another and on excursions. Large buses are used to transport passengers, throughout the country; large trucks are used to transport goods, and thus is considered a key element in the industrialized countries to boost the economy forward alongside the railway. 

The first cars were in the early nineteenth century but the real discovery of the car goes back to the late eighteenth century when Joseph Nicholas Cuneo made the first powered car in 1769. 
Most definitions of the term specify that cars are designed to move on the roads processed (asphalt), and they seat up to seven people, usually moving on four wheels. 

History

Carl Benz invented the car with a gasoline engine in Germany in 1885. Benz patented this car on January 29, 1886 in the city of Mannheim. Thanks to Benz the modern invention of the car but other German engineers were working on building cars at the same time. In Stuttgart in 1886, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach patented the first motorcycle, built and tested in 1885. In 1870 German inventor Siegfried Marcus built a motorized rickshaw but this vehicle did not exceed the pilot phase

Now there are new types of fuel for engines for cars to reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuel, and reduce the amount of harmful gases to the environment, and reduce the problem of global warming. Therefore car makers are working to create new types of fuel, and still their findings until now find ample room to improve performance and increase thermal efficiency.

New fuels require new technology and compatibility between the machine and fuel. This includes fuel supply and engine type, as well as the safety preparations.

Hydrogen-powered engines.

Hydrogen is high-octane fuel. However, hydrogen storage is one of the problems that need attention and solution. The hydrogen storage in the liquid state is necessary from the point of expanding distance range, but it is not likely if the car is stopped and not used for a long time, since the temperature has cooled liquid during the long stop cars lead to the lifting of the pressure in the hydrogen tank.

References

"Automobile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile>

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Houbara Bustards

The birds are endangered North African houbaras.
Their numbers have decreased in the past year, due to over-hunting and destraction of the dry grasslands where they live . Between opening in 1995 and last year the emirates Center for wild life propagation has produced more than 60,000 of the birds .
Chicks due for release are kept in wire cages covered with cloth , until they are just under nine months old , and they release six to 20 birds at 5km intervals , The success of the programme can be measured  though their density in the wild and by observing the number of nests.

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Reflection1

I started the class late and I didn’t even know how to do a summary

Mr. Hedley helped me make a summary and what I should write in the summary , what I should not write in the summary such as name’s and date’s . We made 4 summaries till now. They were about police horsemen patrols , desert survival , houbara bustards , and desert milk , With each summary I got better, and then Mr. Hedley showed us how to do a Reference by looking at Bibme.

In conclusion thanks to Mr. Hedley I learned in this course how to make a summary and make a reference and write reflections

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The Horsemen in UAE

In the UAE a group of the horsemen start making their way quietly at sunset through the sand dune up along narrow paths hear settlements in search of trouble makers . Each emirate has a horse partol division to monitor areas outside cities that are hard to reach by car . They are hot armed but they have mobile phones and walkies talkies  The horsemen do their rounds quietly , Unobtrusive and silent ;some times they get taunted by drivers of noisy buggies who keep wanting to frighten the horses . They take a break when it's summer because people rarely go camping  in the desert. To avoid tiring out the horses , the animals are transported from their stables in Al Salihya to the furthest point that a car can go .

Almarai Company

Across the country this morning, hundreds of thousands of families will open the refrigerator door and pull out a bottle of fresh cow’s milk. And they add the cool, nutritious liquid to their morning coffee or breakfast cereal. Visit any super market or corner grocery store and there they are – bottles of fresh milk in all their frigid splendor. Enough for all of us and at a price affordable to the most modest budget. About two thirds of the milk is used for  other dairy products such as yogurts and cheese. The rest is sent for a bottling. The Almarai company also produces all its own bottles.


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Desert Survival : finding water

The Bedouin knew every detail of wells across the country . The resevoirs provided not only a source of water , but also directions for navigating throught the desert . The desert is a tough place to live . For generations , people survived through the UAE's sweltering summer by managing to eke out limited and hidden food , water and shelter .The Bedouin developed the ability to read subtle clues about where water might be . The Bedouin would dig until they hit water and the well would be named after the man who did the job . In dire straits the Bedouin would drain a camel's body of its water ; camels can store water for a much longer time than other animals .

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